3/24/2024 0 Comments Carbon capture companies in indiaPost-combustion capture method The carbon is captured from the flue gases after burning the natural gas, coal, or oil (Metz et al. Before the syngas undergoes combustion in the turbines, the carbon from the process is captured (UNIDO 2011). The heat recovered from the syngas is also used to drive the turbine and produce electricity. This syngas is used to run a gas turbine and produce electricity. In the gasification units of the integrated gasification combined cycle power plants (IGCC), coal is converted to syngas in the presence of heat, oxygen, and steam. Pre-combustion capture method This method is generally used during coal gasification to produce electricity. The post-combustion technology for carbon dioxide capture is the most suitable (Yanez et al. Understanding CO 2 capturing and utilization CO 2 capturingĬarbon capture is carried out by post-combustion, pre-combustion, Oxyfuel combustion, and direct-air capture method (Cuellar and Azapagic 2015). Additionally, the challenges for CCSU in oil refineries are identified, and policy implications are discussed. Therefore, this study focuses on the concept of carbon capture, storage, and utilization and explores current technologies and new, emerging technologies from the perspective of Indian refineries. The carbon emissions in 2018 were 123 million metric tonnes of CO2, which increased to 132 million metric tonnes of CO2 in 2019 in India (Myllyvirta and Dahiya 2020). However, on average, carbon emissions have been increasing over the years. The annual CO2 discharges fell to 30 million metric tonnes of CO2 in India's financial year 2019–2020 (Myllyvirta and Dahiya 2020) due to the slowdown in economic activities arising from the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19). The size and growth of CO2 capture and utilization played an important role in this industry to gain more attention and acceptance in the sustainable economy. Moreover, the carbon capture and storage sector was estimated to be 1.7 billion tons in 2021 and is projected to show a CAGR of over 10% throughout the projection time (2022–2027) globally (R&M 2022). The worldwide market for carbon management systems was priced at 10.93 billion USD in 2020 and is expected to grow to 19.83 billion USD by, 2026which is a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.31% over the forecast period from 2021 to 2026 (Mordor Intelligence 2021). It is claimed that CCSU is a technology with the potential for significant reductions in CO2 emissions within the next 10 to 20 years (Nikita 2021). Hence, a need arises for another strategy to cut CO2 emissions to achieve sustainable development goals in the short term. These emissions came from various gas and oil industry sources, including processing and collection of gas, conventional and unconventional production, and its distribution and transmission to end-use consumers (IEA 2020).įuture scenarios depicted by the IEA reveal that reducing carbon dioxide emissions through renewable energy production is limited. 2011).Īccording to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the total amount of carbon emissions resulting from gas and oil operations is presently 5200 million tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent, accounting for 15% of the global energy system's carbon emissions. 2005). Apart from climate mitigation, there are a number of companies investigating utilization of captured CO 2 as a potentially profitable activity because if it can be converted into valuable chemicals, polymers, and synthetic fuels, high transportation and sequestration costs can be avoided while creating a revenue stream for the new products (Styring et al. Industries that are major sources of CO2 emissions, such as heavy petroleum refining and fossil fuel-based power plants, focus on CO2 capture projects that target underground geological formations for storage (Metz et al. The underground formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, un-mineable coal seams, deep saline reservoirs, and deep oceans are the storage space, where CO2 is expected to be sequestered and remain there for millions of years (Howard and Dan 2004). Because of the vast volumes achievable with physical capture methods, these technologies are paired with geologic carbon dioxide storage in underground formations. The chemical and biological methods combine to capture and use/store in a single facility. Technologies for capturing carbon dioxide vary greatly but can be divided into three main categories: chemical, physical, and biological. Most of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions come from coal and gas-fired power plants, petrochemical and natural gas processing plants, and other industrial processes such as steel and cement factories. Carbon capture storage and utilization (CCSU) is a method to capture carbon dioxide emissions from industrial flue gas streams.
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